Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C). Line a baking sheet with parchment paper or a silicone mat.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the all-purpose flour, unsweetened cocoa powder, baking soda, and salt.
In a large mixing bowl, cream together the softened unsalted butter, granulated sugar, and brown sugar until light and fluffy, about 2-3 minutes.
Beat in the egg and vanilla extract until fully combined and smooth.
Gradually add the dry ingredients to the wet ingredients, mixing just until combined. Avoid overmixing.
Fold in the chocolate chips evenly throughout the dough.
Using a cookie scoop or spoon, portion about 1 tablespoon of dough. Flatten it slightly, place about 1 teaspoon of peanut butter in the center, then fold the dough around the peanut butter, sealing it completely. Shape into a ball and place on the baking sheet, spaced 2 inches apart.
Bake for 10-12 minutes until edges are set but centers remain soft. Let cool on the baking sheet for 5 minutes, then transfer to a cooling rack to cool completely.